Abbès, S., Ouanes, Z., Ben Salah-Abbès, J., Houas, Z., Queslati, R., Bacha, H. and Othman, O., 2006. The protective effect of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate against haematological, biochemical and pathological changes induced by zearalenone in mice. Toxicon 47: 567-574. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Abid-Essefi, S., Ouanes, Z., Hassen, W., Baudrimont, I., Creppy, E. and Bacha H., 2004. Cytotoxicity, inhibition of DNA and protein syntheses and oxidative damage in cultured cells exposed to zearalenone. Toxicology in Vitro 18: 467-474. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Abid-Essefi, S., Bouaziz, C., El Golli-Bennour, E., Ouanes, Z. and Bacha, H., 2009. Comparative study of toxic effects of zearalenone and its two major metabolites α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol on cultured human Caco-2 cells. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology 23: 233-243. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Ayed-Boussema, I., Bouaziz, C., Rjiba, K., Valenti, K., Laporte, F., Bacha, H. and Hassen, W., 2008. The mycotoxin zearalenone induces apoptosis in human hepatocytes (HepG2) via p53-dependent mitochondrial signaling pathway. Toxicology in Vitro 22: 1671-1680. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Becci, P.J., Voss, K.A., Hess, F.G., Gallo, M.A., Parent, R.A., Stevens, K.R. and Taylor, J.M., 1982. Long-term carcinogenicity and toxicity study of zearalenone in the rat. Journal of Applied Toxicology 2: 247-254. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Bennett, J.W. and Klich, M., 2003. Mycotoxins. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 16: 497-516. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Bennetts, H.W., Underwood, E.J. and Shier, F.L., 1946. A specific breeding problem of sheep on subterranean clover pastures in Western Australia. The British Veterinary Journal 102: 348-352. Google Scholar
	Bernhoft, A., Behrens, G.H., Ingebrigtsen, K., Langseth, W., Berndt, S., Haugen, T.B. and Grotmol, T., 2001. Placental transfer of the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone in rats. Reproductive Toxicology 15: 545-550. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Berthiller, F., Schuhmacher R., Adam, G. and Krska, R., 2009. Formation, determination and significance of masked and other conjugated mycotoxins. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 395: 1243-1252. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Berthiller, F., Werner, U., Sulyok, M., Krska, R., Hauser, M.-T. and Schuhmacher, R., 2006. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) determination of phase II metabolites of the mycotoxin zearalenone in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Food Additives and Contaminants 23: 1194-1200. Google Scholar
	Biehl, M.L., Prelusky, D.B., Koritz, G.D., Hartin, K.E., Buck, W.B. and Trenholm, H.L., 1993. Biliary excretion and enterohepatic cycling of zearalenone in immature pigs. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 121: 152-159. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Bolliger, G. and Tamm, C., 1972. Vier neue Metabolite von Giberella zeae: 5-Formyl-zearalenon, 7'-Dehydrozearalenon, 8'-Hydroxy-und 8'-epi-Hydroxy-zearalenon. Helvetica Chimica Acta 55: 3030-3048. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Bovee, T.F.H., Helsdingen, R.J.R., Rietjens, I.M.C.M., Keijer, J. and Hoogenboom, L.A.P., 2004. Rapid yeast estrogen bioassays stably expressing human estrogen receptors α and β, and green fluorescent protein: a comparison of different compounds with both receptor types. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 91: 99-109. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Branham, W.S., Dial, S.L., Moland, C.L., Hass, B.S., Blair, R.M., Fang, H., Shi, L., Tong, W., Perkins, R.G. and Sheehan, D.M., 2002. Phytoestrogens and mycoestrogens bind to the rat uterine estrogen receptor. Journal of Nutrition 132: 658-664. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Bravin, F., Duca, R.C., Balaguer, P. and Delaforge, M., 2009. In vitro cytochrome P450 formation of a mono-hydroxylated metabolite of zearalenone exhibiting estrogenic activities: possible occurrence of this metabolite in vivo. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 10: 1824-1837. Google Scholar
	Buxton, J.B., 1927. Mycotic vaginitis in gilts. Veterinary Medicine 22: 428 and 451-452. Google Scholar
	Cavalieri, E.L. and Rogan, E.G., 2010. Depurinating estrogen-DNA adducts in the etiology and prevention of breast and other human cancers. Future Oncology 6: 75-91. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Celius, T., Haugen, T.B., Grotmol, T. and Walther, B.T., 1999. A sensitive zonagenetic assay for rapid in vitro assessment of estrogenic potency of xenobiotics and mycotoxins. Environmental Health Perspectives 107: 63-68. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Chakrabarti, D.K. and Ghosal, S., 1986. Occurrence of free and conjugated 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes and zearalenone in banana fruits infected with Fusarium moniliforme. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 51: 217-219. Google Scholar
	Chang, W.-M. and Lin, J.-K., 1984. Transformation of zearalenone and zearalenol by rat erythrocytes. Food and Chemical Toxicology 22: 887-891. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Chi, M.S., Mirocha, C.J., Weaver, G.A. and Kurtz, H.J., 1980. Effect of zearalenone on female white leghorn chickens. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 39: 1026-1030. Google Scholar
	Christensen, C.M., Nelson, G.H. and Mirocha, C.J., 1965. Effect on the white rat uterus of a toxic substance isolated from Fusarium. Applied Microbiology 13: 653-659. Google Scholar
	Dänicke, S., Swiech, E., Buraczewska, L. and Ueberschär, K.-H., 2005. Kinetics and metabolism of zearalenone in young female pigs. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 89: 268-276. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Dänicke, S., Ueberschär, K.-H., Halle, I., Matthes, S., Valenta, H. and Flachowsky, G., 2002, Effect of addition of a detoxifying agent to laying hen diets containing uncontaminated or Fusarium toxin-contaminated maize on performance of hens and on carryover of zearalenone. Poultry Science 81: 1671-1680. Google Scholar
	Diamanti-Kandarakis, E., Bourguignon, J.-P., Guidice, L.C., Hauser, R., Prins, G.S., Soto, A.M., Zoeller, R.T and Gore, A.C., 2009. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an endocrine society scientific statement. Endocrine Reviews 30: 293-342. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Dong, M., He, X.J., Tulayakul, P., Li, J.-Y., Dong, K.-S., Manabe, N., Nakayama, H. and Kumagai, S., 2010. The toxic effects and fate of intravenously administered zearalenone in goats. Toxicon 55: 523-530. Crossref, Google Scholar
	European Commission (EC), 2000. Opinion of the scientific committee on food on Fusarium toxins. Part 2: zearalenone (ZEA). Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out65_en.pdf Google Scholar
	Edwards, S., Cantley, T.C., Rottinghaus, G.E., Osweiler, G.D. and Day, B.N., 1987. The effects of zearalenone on reproduction in swine. I. The relationship between ingested zearalenone dose and anestus in non-pregnant, sexually mature gilts. Theriogenology 28: 43-49. Google Scholar
	European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2004. Opinion of the scientific panel on contaminants in the food chain on a request from the commission related to zearalenone as undesirable substance in animal feed. The EFSA Journal 89: 1-35. Google Scholar
	El-Sharkawy, S. and Abul-Hajj, Y., 1987. Microbial transformation of zearalenone. 1. Formation of zearalenone 4-O-b-glucoside. Journal of Natural Products 50: 520-521. Google Scholar
	Engelhardt, G., Zill, G., Wohner, B. and Wallnöfer, P.R., 1988. Transformation of the Fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone in maize cell suspension cultures. Naturwissenschaften 75: 309-310. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Erasmuson, A.F., Scahill, B.G. and West, D.M., 1994. Natural zeranol (α-zearalanol) in the urine of pasture-fed animals. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 42: 2721-2725. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Etienne, M. and Jemmali, M., 1982. Effects of zearalenone (F2) on estrous activity and reproduction in gilts. Journal of Animal Science 55: 1-10. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Ferrer, E., Juan-García, A., Font, G. and Ruiz, M.J., 2009. Reactive oxygen species induced by beauvericin, patulin and zearalenone in CHO-K1 cells. Toxicology in Vitro 23: 1504-1509. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Fitzpatrick, D.W., Picken, C.A., Murphy, L.C. and Buhr, M.M., 1989. Measurement of the relative binding affinity of zearalenone, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol for uterine and oviduct estrogen receptors in swine, rats and chickens: an indicator of estrogenic potencies. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 94C: 691-694. Google Scholar
	Forsell, J.H., Witt, M.F., Tai, J.H., Jensen, R. and Pestka, J.J., 1986. Effects of 8-week exposure of the B6C3F1 mouse to dietary deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) and zearalenone. Food and Chemical Toxicology 24: 213-219. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Gromadzka, K., Waskiewicz, A., Chelkowski, J. and Golinski, P., 2008. Zearalenone and its metabolites: occurrence, detection, toxicity and guidelines. World Mycotoxin Journal 1: 209-220. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Google Scholar
	Hagler, W.M., Mirocha, C.J., Pathre, S.V. and Behrens, J.C., 1979. Identification of the naturally occurring isomer of zearalenol produced by Fusarium roseum 'Gibbosum' in rice culture. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 37: 849-853. Google Scholar
	Hannon, W.H., Hill, R.H., Bernert, J.T., Haddock, L., Lebron, G. and Cordero, J.F., 1987. Premature thelarche in Puerto Rico: a search for environmental estrogenic contamination. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 16: 255-262. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Hassen, W., Ayed-Boussema, I., Oscoz, A.A., De Cerain Lopez, A. and Bacha, H., 2007. The role of oxidative stress in zearalenone-mediated toxicity in HepG2 cells: oxidative DNA damage, glutathione depletion and stress proteins induction. Toxicology 232: 294-302. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Heneweer, M., Houtman, R., Poortman, J., Groot, M., Maliepaard, C. and Peijnenburg, A., 2007. Estrogenic effects in the immature rat uterus after dietary exposure to ethinylestradiol and zearalenone using a systems biology approach. Toxicological Sciences 99: 303-314. Crossref, Google Scholar
	International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 1993. Some naturally occurring substances: food items and constituents, heterocyclic aromatic amines and mycotoxins. Monograph on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, Vol. 56. IARC, Lyon, France, 599 pp. Google Scholar
	Jackson, R.A., Fenton, S.W., Mirocha, C.J. and Davis, G., 1974. Characterization of two isomers of 8'-hydroxyzearalenone and other derivatives of zearalenone. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 22: 1015-1019. Crossref, Google Scholar
	James, L.J. and Smith, T.K., 1982. Effect of dietary alfalfa on zearalenone toxicity and metabolism in rats and swine. Journal of Animal Sciences 55: 110-118. Google Scholar
	Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 2000. 53rd Meeting of JECFA, Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. WHO Food Additives Series 44. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Google Scholar
	Jefferson, W.N., Padilla-Banks, E., Clark, G. and Newbold, R.R., 2002. Assessing estrogenic activity of phytochemicals using transcriptional activation and immature mouse uterotrophic responses. Journal of Chromatography B 777: 179-189. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Kamimura, H., 1986. Conversion of zearalenone to zearalenone glycoside by Rhizopus sp. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 52: 515-519. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Katzenellenbogen, B.S., Katzenellenbogen, J.A. and Mordecai, D., 1979. Zearalenones: characterization of the estrogenic potencies and receptor interactions of a series of fungal beta-resorcylic acid lactones. Endocrinology 105: 33-40. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Kennedy, D.G., Hewitt, S.A., McEvoy, J.D.G., Currie, J.W., Cannavan, A., Blanchflower, W.J. and Elliot, C.T., 1998. Zeranol is formed from Fusarium spp. toxins in cattle in vivo. Food Additives and Contaminants 15: 393-400. Google Scholar
	Kiang, D.T., Kennedy, B.J., Pathre, S.V. and Mirocha, C.J., 1978. Binding characteristics of zearalenone analogs to estrogen receptors. Cancer Research 38: 3611-3615. Google Scholar
	Kiessling, K.H. and Pettersson, H., 1978. Metabolism of zearalenone in rat liver. Acta Pharmacologica and Toxicologica (Copenhagen) 43: 285-290. Google Scholar
	Kouadio, J.H., Mobio, T.A., Baudrimont, I., Moukha, S., Dano, S.D. and Creppy, E.E., 2005. Comparative study of cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by deoxynivalenol, zearalenone or fumonisin B1 in human intestinal cell line Caco-2. Toxicology 213: 56-65. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Kuiper, G.G.J.M., Lemmen, J.G., Carlsson, B.O., Corton, J.C., Safe, S.H., Van der Saag, P.T., Van der Burg, B. and Gustafsson, J.-A., 1998. Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor β. Endocrinology 139: 4252-4263. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Kuiper-Goodman, T., Scott, P.M. and Watanabe, H., 1987. Risk assessment of the mycotoxin zearalenone. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 7: 253-306. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Lange, I.G., Daxenberger A., Meyer, H.H.D., Rajpert-De Meyts, E., Skakkebaek, N.E. and Veeramachaneni, D.N.R., 2002. Quantitative assessment of foetal exposure to trenbolone acetate, zeranol and melengestrol acetate, following maternal dosing in rabbits. Xenobiotica 32: 641-651. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Le Guevel, R. and Pakdel, F., 2001.Assessment of oestrogenic potency of chemicals used as growth promoter by in vitro methods. Human Reproduction 16: 1030-1036. Google Scholar
	Malekinejad, H., Maas-Bakker, R.F. and Fink-Gremmels, J., 2005. Bioactivation of zearalenone by porcine hepatic biotransformation. Veterinary Research 36: 799-810. Google Scholar
	Malekinejad, H., Maas-Bakker, R. and Fink-Gremmels, J., 2006. Species differences in the hepatic biotransformation of zearalenone. Veterinary Journal 172: 96-102. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Martin, P.M., Horwitz, K.B., Ryan, D.S. and McGuire, W.L., 1978. Phytoestrogen interaction with estrogen receptors in human breast cancer cells. Endocrinology 103: 1860-1867. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Massart, F., Meucci, V., Saggese, G. and Soldani, G., 2008. High growth rate of girls with precocious puberty exposed to estrogenic mycotoxins. Journal of Pediatrics 152: 690-695. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Massart, F. and Saggese, G., 2010. Oestrogenic mycotoxin exposure and precocious pubertal development. International Journal of Andrology 33: 369-376. Crossref, Google Scholar
	McErlean, B.A., 1952. Vulvovaginitis of swine. Veterinary Record 64: 539-540. Google Scholar
	McNutt, S.H., Purwin, P. and Murray, C., 1928. Vulvo vaginitis in swine: preliminary report. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 73: 484-492. Google Scholar
	Mehmood, Z., Smith, A.G., Tucker, M.J., Chuzel, F. and Carmichael, N.G., 2000. The development of methods for assessing the in vivo oestrogen-like effects of xenobiotics in CD-1 mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology 38: 493-501. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Migdalof, B.H., Dugger, H.A., Heider, J.G., Coombs, R.A. and Terry, M.K., 1983. Biotransformation of zeranol: disposition and metabolism in the female rat, rabbit, dog, monkey and man. Xenobiotica 13: 209-221. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Miksicek, R.J., 1994. Interaction of naturally occurring nonsteroidal estrogens with expressed recombinant human estrogen receptor. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 49: 153-160. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Miles, C.O., Erasmuson, A.F., Wilkins, A.L., Towers, N.R., Smith, B.L., Garthwaite, I., Scahill, B.G and Hansen, R.P., 1996. Ovine metabolism of zearalenone to α-zearalanol (zeranol). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44: 3244-3250. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Mirocha, C.J. and Christensen, C.M., 1974. Oestrogenic mycotoxins synthesized by Fusarium. In: Purchase, I.F.H. (ed.) Mycotoxins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, pp. 129-148. Google Scholar
	Mirocha, C.J., Pathre, S.V., Behrens, J. and Schauerhamer, B., 1978. Uterotropic activity of cis and trans isomers of zearalenone and zearalenol. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 35: 986-987. Google Scholar
	Mirocha, C.J., Pathre, S.V. and Robinson, T.S., 1981. Comparative metabolism of zearalenone and transmission into bovine milk. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 19: 25-30. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Mueller, S.O., 2002. Overview of in vitro tools to assess the estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity of phytoestrogens. Journal of Chromatography B 777: 155-165. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Mueller, S.O. and Korach, K.S., 2001. Mechanisms of estrogen receptor-mediated agonistic and antagonistic effects. In: Metzler, M. (ed.) Endocrine disruptors – Part I. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 1-25. Google Scholar
	Mueller, S.O., Simon, S., Chae, K., Metzler, M. and Korach, K.S., 2004. Phytoestrogens and their human metabolites show distinct agonistic and antagonistic properties on estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and ERbeta in human cells. Toxicological Sciences 80: 14-25. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Newbold, R.R., 2004. Lessons learned from perinatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 199: 142-150. Crossref, Google Scholar
	NTP, 1982. Carcinogenesis bioassay of zearalenone (CAS No. 17924-92-4) in F344/N-rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed study). National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series 235: 1-155. Google Scholar
	Olsen, M., Pettersson, H. and Kiessling, K.H., 1981. Reduction of zearalenone to zearalenol in female rat liver by 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Acta Pharmacologica and Toxicologica (Copenhagen) 48: 157-161. Google Scholar
	Olsen, M. and Kiessling, K.H. 1983. Species differences in zearalenone-reducing activity in subcellular fractions of liver from female domestic animals. Acta Pharmacologica and Toxicologica (Copenhagen) 52: 287-291. Google Scholar
	Olsen, M., Malmlöf, H., Pettersson, H., Sandholm, K. and Kiessling, K.H., 1985. Plasma and urinary levels of zearalenone and α-zearalenol in a prepubertal gilt fed zearalenone. Acta Pharmacologica and Toxicologica (Copenhagen) 56: 239-243. Google Scholar
	Olsen, M., Mirocha, C.J., Abbas, H.K. and Johansson B., 1986. Metabolism of high concentrations of dietary zearalenone by young male turkey poults. Poultry Science 65: 1905-1910. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Ouanes-Ben Othmen, Z., El Golli, E., Abid-Essefi, S. and Bacha H., 2008. Cytotoxicity effects induced by zearalenone metabolites, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol, on cultured Vero cells. Toxicology 252: 72-77. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Pathre, S.V., Fenton, S.W. and Mirocha, C.J., 1980. 3'-Hydroxyzearalenones, two new metabolites produced by Fusarium roseum. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 28: 421-424. Google Scholar
	Peters, C.A., 1972. Photochemistry of zearalenone and its derivatives. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 15: 867-868. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Pfeiffer, E., Heyting, A. and Metzler, M., 2007. Novel oxidative metabolites of the mycoestrogen zearalenone in vitro. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research 51: 867-871. Google Scholar
	Pfeiffer, E., Hildebrand, A., Damm, G., Rapp, A., Cramer, B., Humpf, H.-U. and Metzler, M., 2009. Aromatic hydroxylation is a major metabolic pathway of the mycotoxin zearalenone in vitro. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research 53: 1123-1133. Google Scholar
	Pfeiffer, E., Hildebrand, A., Becker, C., Schnattinger, C., Baumann, S., Rapp, A., Goesmann, H., Syldatk, C. and Metzler, M., 2010a. Identification of an aliphatic epoxide and the corresponding dihydrodiol as novel congeners of zearalenone in cultures of Fusarium graminearum. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, in press, DOI: 10.1021/jf1022498. Google Scholar
	Pfeiffer, E., Hildebrand, A., Mikula, H. and Metzler, M., 2010b. Glucuronidation of zearalenone, zeranol and four metabolites in vitro: formation of glucuronides by various microsomes and human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research 54: 1-9. Google Scholar
	Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A., Chekir-Ghedira, L. and Bacha, H., 1995. Genotoxicity of zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin: DNA adduct formation in female mouse tissues. Carcinogenesis 16: 2315-2320. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Plasencia, J. and Mirocha, C.J., 1991. Isolation and characterization of zearalenone sulfate produced by Fusarium spp. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 57: 146-150. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Prelusky, D.B., Scott, P.M., Trenholm, H.L. and Lawrence, G.A., 1990. Minimal transmission of zearalenone to milk of dairy cows. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B 25: 87-103. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Press, B. and Di Grandi, D., 2008. Permeability for intestinal absorption: Caco-2 assays and related issues. Current Drug Metabolism 9: 893-900. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Ramos, A.J., Hernández, E., Plá-Delfina, J.M. and Merino, M., 1996. Intestinal absorption of zearalenone and in vitro study of non-nutritive sorbent materials. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 128: 129-137. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Richardson, K.E., Hagler, W.M. and Mirocha, C.J., 1985. Production of zearalenone, α-and β-zearalenol, and α-and β-zearalanol by Fusarium spp. in rice culture. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 33: 862-866. Google Scholar
	Roy, J.R., Chakraborty, S. and Chakraborty, T.R., 2009. Estrogen-like endocrine disrupting chemicals affecting puberty in humans. Medical Science Monitor 15: RA137-145. Google Scholar
	Saenz de Rodriguez, C.A., Bongiovanni, A.M. and Conde de Borrego, L., 1985. An epidemic of precocious development in Puerto Rican children. Journal of Pediatrics 107: 393-396. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Schneweis, I., Meyer, K., Engelhardt, G. and Bauer, J., 2002. Occurrence of zearalenone-4-β-D-glucopyranoside in wheat. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50: 1736-1738. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Schoental, R., 1983. Precocious sexual development in Puerto Rico and oestrogenic mycotoxins (zearalenone). The Lancet 321: 537. Google Scholar
	Setchell, K.D.R., 2001. Soy isoflavones – benefits and risks from nature's selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Journal of the American College of Nutrition 20: 354s-362s. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Sharpe, R.M. and Skakkebaek, N.E., 1993. Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract? The Lancet 341: 1392-1395. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Sheehan, D.M., Branham, W.S., Medlock, K.L. and Shanmugasundaram, E.R.B., 1984. Estrogenic activity of zearalenone and zearalanol in the neonatal rat uterus. Teratology 29, 383-392. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Shier, W.T., Shier, A.C., Xie, W. and Mirocha, C.J., 2001. Structure-activity relationships for human estrogenic activity in zearalenone mycotoxins. Toxicon 39: 1435-1438. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Shin, B.S., Hong, S.H., Bulitta, J.B., Hwang, S.W., Kim, H.J., Lee, J.B., Yang, S.D., Kim, J.E., Yoon, H.-S., Kim D.J. and Yoo, S.D., 2009a. Disposition, oral bioavailability, and tissue distribution of zearalenone in rats at various dose levels. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A 72: 1406-1411. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Shin, B.S., Hong, S.H., Bulitta, J.B., Lee, J.B., Hwang, S.W., Kim, H.J., Yang, S.D., Yoon, H.-S., Kim, D.J., Lee, B.M and Yoo, S.D., 2009b. Physiologically based pharmacokinetics of zearalenone. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A 72: 1395-1405. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Steele, J.A., Mirocha, C.J. and Pathre, S.V., 1976. Metabolism of zearalenone by Fusarium roseum graminearum. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 24: 89-97. Google Scholar
	Stevenson, D.E., Hansen, R.P., Loader, J.I., Jensen, D.J., Cooney, J.M., Wilkins, A.L. and Miles, C.O., 2008. Preparative enzymatic synthesis of glucuronides of zearalenone and five of its metabolites. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56: 4032-4038. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Stipanovic, R.D. and Schroeder, H.W., 1975. Zearalenol and 8'-hydroxyzearalenone from Fusarium roseum. Mycopathologia 57: 77-78. Google Scholar
	Stob, M., Baldwin, R.S., Tuite, J., Andrews, F.N. and Gillette, K.G., 1962. Isolation of an anabolic, uterotrophic compound from corn infected with Gibberella zeae. Nature 196: 1318. Google Scholar
	Sundlof, S.F. and Strickland, C., 1986. Zearalenone and zeranol: potential residue problems in livestock. Veterinary and Human Toxicology 28: 242-250. Google Scholar
	Szuetz, P., Mesterhazy, A., Falkay, G.Y. and Bartok, T., 1997. Early thelarche symptoms in children and their relations to zearalenone contamination in foodstuffs. Cereals Research Communications 25: 429-436. Google Scholar
	Takemura, H., Shim, J.Y., Sayama, K., Tsubura, A., Zhu, B.T. and Shimoi, K., 2007. Characterization of the estrogenic activities of zearalenone and zeranol in vivo and in vitro. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 103: 170-177. Google Scholar
	Thomas, J.L., Duax, W.L., Addlagatta, A., Kacsoh, B., Brandt, S.E. and Norris, W.B., 2004. Structure/function aspects of human 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 215: 73-82. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Thomas, P. and Dong, J., 2006. Binding and activation of the seven-transmembrane estrogen receptor GPR30 by environmental estrogens: a potential novel mechanism of endocrine disruption. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 102: 175-179. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Tiemann, U. and Dänicke, S., 2007. In vivo and in vitro effects of the mycotoxins zearalenone and deoxynivalenol on different non-reproductive and reproductive organs in female pigs: a review. Food Additives and Contaminants 24: 306-314. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Tollefsen, K.E., Øvrevik, J. and Stenersen, J., 2004. Binding of xenoestrogens to the sex steroid-binding protein in plasma from Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C 139: 127-133. Google Scholar
	Ueno, Y., Ayaki, S., Sato, N. and Ito, T., 1977. Fate and mode of action of zearalenone. Annales de la Nutrition et de l'Alimentation 31: 935-948. Google Scholar
	Ueno, Y. and Tashiro, F., 1981. α-Zearalenol, a major hepatic metabolite in rats of zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin of Fusarium species. Journal of Biochemistry 89: 563-571. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Urry, W.H., Wehrmeister, H.L., Hodge, E.B. and Hidy, P.H., 1966. The structure of zearalenone. Tetrahedron Letters 7: 3109-3114. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Weybridge Workshop, 1996. European workshop on the impact of endocrine disruptors on human health and wildlife. Report of proceedings, 2-4 December 1996, Weybridge, UK. Google Scholar
	Young, L.G. and King, G.J., 1984. Zearalenone and swine reproduction. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 185: 334-335. Google Scholar
	Zinedine, A., Soriano, J.M., Moltó, J.C. and Mañes, J., 2007. Review on the toxicity, occurrence, metabolism, detoxification, regulations and intake of zearalenone: an oestrogenic mycotoxin. Food and Chemical Toxicology 45: 1-18. Crossref, Google Scholar
	Zöllner, P., Jodlbauer, J., Kleinova, M., Kahlbacher, H., Kuhn, T., Hochsteiner, W. and Lindner, W., 2002. Concentration levels of zearalenone and its metabolites in urine, muscle tissue, and liver samples of pigs fed with mycotoxin-contaminated oats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50: 2494-2501. Crossref, Google Scholar